ASTM E1711-1995(2008) 鱼类毒性试验过程中特性测量的标准指南

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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforMeasurementofBehaviorDuringFishToxicityTests
【原文标准名称】:鱼类毒性试验过程中特性测量的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1711-1995(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Behavioraltesting(aquatictoxicology);Design--environmentalapplications;Fishes;Qualitativeanalysis/measurement;Quantitativeanalysis/measurement--environmental;Quantitativeanalysis/measurement--water;Sublethaleffects;Toxicity/toxicology--wate
【摘要】:Protectionofaspeciesrequiresthepreventionofdetrimentaleffectsofchemicalsonthesurvival,growth,reproduction,health,andusesofindividualsofthatspecies.Behavioraltoxicitytestsprovideinformationconcerningthesublethaleffectsofchemicalsandsignalthepresenceoftoxictestsubstances.Thelocomotory,feeding,andsocialresponsesoffishareadaptiveandessentialtosurvival.Majorchangesintheseresponsesmayresultinadiminishedabilitytosurvive,grow,avoidpredation,orreproduceandcausesignificantchangesinthenaturalpopulation(8).Fishbehavioralresponsesareknowntobehighlysensitivetoenvironmentalvariablesaswellastoxicsubstances.Resultsfrombehavioraltoxicitytestsmaybeusefulformeasuringinjuryresultingfromthereleaseofhazardousmaterials(9).Behavioralresponsescanalsobequalitativelyassessedinasystematicmannerduringtoxicityteststodiscerntrendsinsublethalcontaminanteffects(5).Theassessmentoflocomotory,feeding,andsocialbehaviorsisusefulformonitoringeffluentsandsedimentsfromcontaminatedfieldsitesaswellasfordefiningno-effectconcentrationsinthelaboratoryorundercontrolledfieldconditions.Suchbehavioralmodificationsprovideanindexofsublethaltoxicityandalsoindicatethepotentialforsubsequentmortality.Behavioraltoxicitydatacanbeusedtopredicttheeffectsofexposurelikelytooccurinthenaturalenvironment(10).Resultsfrombehavioraltoxicitytestsmightbeanimportantconsiderationwhenassessingthehazardofmaterialstoaquaticorganisms.Suchresultsmightalsobeusedwhenderivingwaterqualitycriteriaforfishandaquaticinvertebrateorganisms.Resultsfrombehavioraltoxicitytestscanbeusedtocomparethesensitivitiesofdifferentspecies,therelativetoxicityofdifferentchemicalsubstancesonthesameorganism,ortheeffectofvariousenvironmentalvariablesonthetoxicityofachemicalsubstance.Resultsofbehavioraltoxicitytestscanbeusefulinguidingdecisionsregardingtheextentofremedialactionneededforcontaminatedaquaticandterrestrialsites.Thebehavioralcharacteristicsofaparticularorganismneedtobeunderstoodanddefinedbeforearesponsecanbeusedasameasureoftoxicity(11).Swimming,feeding,andsocialbehaviorvariesamongspeciesaswellasamonglifestageswithinaspecies;themosteffectivetestmethodsarethereforethosetailoredtoaparticularlifestageofasinglespecies.Therangeofvariabilityofanybehavioralresponseofunexposedorganismsisinfluencedbygenetic,experiential,physiological,andenvironmentalfactors.Itisthusimportanttoavoidselectingtestorganismsfrompopulationsthatmayvaryinthesefactors.Resultsofbehavioraltoxicitytestswilldependonthebehavioralresponsemeasured,testingconditions,waterquality,species,geneticstrain,lifestage,health,andconditionoftestorganisms.Thebehavioralresponsemaythereforebeaffectedbythetestenvironment.Nonumericalvalueorrangeofvalueshasbeendefinedasthenormforswimming,feeding,orsocialbehaviorforanyfish;thedetectionofabnormalactivityisthereforebasedoncomparisonsoftheresponsesofexposedfish,eitherwithactivitymeasuredduringabaselineorpre-exposureperiodorobservationsoffishunderacontroltreatment(10).Thesemeasuresareincorporatedreadilyintostandardtoxicitytestprotocols,withminimalstresstothetestorganism.1.1Thisguidecoverssomegeneralinformationonmethodsforqualitativeandquantitativeassessmentofthebehavioralresponsesoffishduringstandardlaboratorytoxicityteststomeasu......
【中国标准分类号】:Z19
【国际标准分类号】:67_120_30
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语